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曾嶔元 (元鼎診所)
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曾嶔元 (元鼎診所)
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IgA 腎病變：全球最常見但大多數人卻從未聽說過的腎絲球疾病
曾嶔元 (元鼎診所)
當 34 歲的高中教師李小姐在一次嚴重感冒後注意到她的尿液變成了可樂的顏色時，她以為自己只是得了簡單的膀胱感染。一週後，血液檢查和腎臟切片檢查給出了一個她從未遇過的診斷：IgA 腎病變 (IgAN)，也稱為柏格氏症。她的腎臟科醫師告訴她這是「全球最常見的原發性腎絲球疾病」，然而幾乎沒有人在腎臟科診所之外聽說過它。這就是 IgA 腎病變的奇特現實：數百萬人患有此病，許多人甚至不知道，而它卻悄悄地成為年輕成人腎衰竭的主要原因之一。
IgA 腎病變究竟是什麼?
你的腎臟包含約一百萬個微小的過濾單位，稱為腎絲球。每個腎絲球都像一個精緻的篩子，讓廢物通過進入尿液，同時保留血液中的蛋白質和血球。在 IgA 腎病變中，一種稱為免疫球蛋白 A (IgA) 的抗體——通常在你的腸道和呼吸道中對抗感染——開始在腎絲球中堆積。這些 IgA 沉積物會引發炎症，損害過濾膜，並隨著時間推移形成疤痕組織。最終，腎臟失去了清潔血液的能力。
IgA 腎病變是一種腎臟疾病，身體的防禦蛋白質 (IgA) 會在腎臟的過濾器中累積，導致血液或蛋白質滲漏到尿液中，有時會造成長期的腎臟問題。近期，新藥物已獲得批准，有助於減緩腎臟損傷並減少尿液中的蛋白質流失。
IgA nephropathy is a kidney condition where the body’s defense protein (IgA) builds up in the filters of the kidneys, causing blood or protein to leak into the urine and sometimes leading to long‑term kidney problems. Recently, new medicines have been approved to help slow kidney damage and reduce protein loss in the urine.